This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”. Women are more vulnerable to stress-and
fear-based disorders, such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the …

Males and females sometimes significantly differ in their propensity to develop neurological
disorders. Females suffer more from mood disorders such as depression and anxiety …

Introduction Difficulties in sexual desire and function often occur in persons with
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but many questions remain regarding the mechanisms …

Over the past two decades, substantial knowledge has been attained about the mechanisms
underlying the acquisition and subsequent extinction of conditioned fear. Knowledge gained …

Despite the exponential increase in fear research during the last years, few studies have
included female subjects in their design. The need to include females arises from the …

Many complex traits or diseases, such as infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancer,
xenobiotics exposure, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the …

Learning that certain cues or environments predict threat enhances survival by promoting
appropriate fear and the resulting defensive responses. Adapting to changing stimulus …

Depression and anxiety disorders carry a tremendous worldwide burden and emerge as a
significant cause of disability among western societies. Both disorders are known to …

Phthalates are a family of synthetic chemicals that are used in producing a variety of
consumer products. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an widely used phthalate and …

Centella asiatica (CA) herb is a traditional medicine, long reputed to provide cognitive
benefits. We have reported that CA water extract (CAW) treatment improves cognitive …