Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the
environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining …

Drought and salinity are among the most important environmental factors that hampered
agricultural productivity worldwide. Both stresses can induce several morphological …

Cadmium accumulation in crops and the possibility of Cd entering the food chain are serious
concerns for public health. This review discusses the deleterious effects of Cd in plants and …

Silicon (Si) is the second richest element in the soil and surface of earth crust with a variety
of positive roles in soils and plants. Different soil factors influence the Si bioavailability in soil …

Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world.
The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by multiple biochemical and …

Abiotic stresses, such as low or high temperature, deficient or excessive water, high salinity,
heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, are hostile to plant growth and development, leading …

Pollution by heavy metals (HM) represents a serious threat for both the environment and
human health. Due to their elemental character, HM cannot be chemically degraded, and …

Root-associated bacterial communities play a vital role in maintaining health of the plant
host. These communities exist in complex relationships, where composition and abundance …

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants is part of the normal metabolism
of chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes; however, the exposure to environmental …

Drought stress is a severe environmental constraint among the emerging problems. Plants
are highly vulnerable to drought stress and a severe decrease in yield was recorded in the …