A survey of document image word spotting techniques

AP Giotis, G Sfikas, B Gatos, C Nikou - Pattern Recognition, 2017 - Elsevier
Vast collections of documents available in image format need to be indexed for information
retrieval purposes. In this framework, word spotting is an alternative solution to optical …

Reading text in the wild with convolutional neural networks

M Jaderberg, K Simonyan, A Vedaldi… - International journal of …, 2016 - Springer
In this work we present an end-to-end system for text spotting—localising and recognising
text in natural scene images—and text based image retrieval. This system is based on a …

Word spotting and recognition with embedded attributes

J Almazán, A Gordo, A Fornés… - IEEE transactions on …, 2014 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This paper addresses the problems of word spotting and word recognition on images. In
word spotting, the goal is to find all instances of a query word in a dataset of images. In …

[HTML][HTML] A bibliometric analysis of off-line handwritten document analysis literature (1990–2020)

V Ruiz-Parrado, R Heradio, E Aranda-Escolastico… - Pattern Recognition, 2022 - Elsevier
Providing computers with the ability to process handwriting is both important and
challenging, since many difficulties (eg, different writing styles, alphabets, languages, etc.) …

Lexicon-free handwritten word spotting using character HMMs

A Fischer, A Keller, V Frinken, H Bunke - Pattern recognition letters, 2012 - Elsevier
For retrieving keywords from scanned handwritten documents, we present a word spotting
system that is based on character Hidden Markov Models. In an efficient lexicon-free …

A novel word spotting method based on recurrent neural networks

V Frinken, A Fischer, R Manmatha… - IEEE transactions on …, 2011 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Keyword spotting refers to the process of retrieving all instances of a given keyword from a
document. In the present paper, a novel keyword spotting method for handwritten …

Browsing heterogeneous document collections by a segmentation-free word spotting method

M Rusinol, D Aldavert, R Toledo… - … on Document Analysis …, 2011 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
In this paper, we present a segmentation-free word spotting method that is able to deal with
heterogeneous document image collections. We propose a patch-based framework where …

HMM word graph based keyword spotting in handwritten document images

AH Toselli, E Vidal, V Romero, V Frinken - Information Sciences, 2016 - Elsevier
Line-level keyword spotting (KWS) is presented on the basis of frame-level word posterior
probabilities. These posteriors are obtained using word graphs derived from the recognition …

Segmentation-free word spotting with exemplar SVMs

J Almazán, A Gordo, A Fornés, E Valveny - Pattern Recognition, 2014 - Elsevier
In this paper we propose an unsupervised segmentation-free method for word spotting in
document images. Documents are represented with a grid of HOG descriptors, and a sliding …

A model-based sequence similarity with application to handwritten word spotting

JA Rodríguez-Serrano… - IEEE transactions on …, 2012 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This paper proposes a novel similarity measure between vector sequences. We work in the
framework of model-based approaches, where each sequence is first mapped to a Hidden …