Low back pain is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly medical condition predominantly
triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is often caused by structural and …

Since the publication of the 2nd edition of White and Panjabi׳ s textbook, Clinical
Biomechanics of the Spine in 1990, there has been considerable research on the …

Background Musculoskeletal soft tissues, such as articular cartilage, ligaments, knee
meniscus and intervertebral disk, have a complex structure, which provides elasticity and …

Low back pain is a vital musculoskeletal disease that impairs life quality, leads to disability
and imposes heavy economic burden on the society, while it is greatly attributed to …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a
progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with …

Tobacco smoking is associated with numerous pathological conditions. Compelling
experimental evidence associates smoking to the degeneration of the intervertebral disc …

The cartilaginous endplates (CEP) are key components of the intervertebral disc (IVD)
necessary for sustaining the nutrition of the disc while distributing mechanical loads and …

Lower back pain is a medical condition of epidemic proportion, and the degeneration of the
intervertebral disc has been identified as a major contributor. The etiology of intervertebral …

Despite the critical functions the human cartilage endplate (CEP) plays in the intervertebral
disc, little is known about its structural and mechanical properties and their changes with …

The accumulation of metabolites in the intervertebral disc is considered an important cause
of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Lactic acid, which is a metabolite that is produced …