During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate
can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects …

In the past, most scientists conducted their inquiries of nature via inductivism, the patient
accumulation of “pieces of information” in the pious hope that the sum of the parts would …

Chronic periodontitis (CPs) could result in damage of periodontal tissues, loss of teeth and
impose troublesome hindrance to restore teeth satisfyingly as well. Functional gene …

Aim Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP s) play a key role in the tissue destruction characteristic
of chronic periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of MMP …

Non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a congenital malformation with a
prevalence of 1: 700 births. It has a multifactorial etiology. Human craniofacial development …

Genetic studies in humans have demonstrated that Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P)
have a diverse genetic background and probably environmental factors influencing these …

Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disease resulting from failure of
fusion of facial primordia, a complex developmental process that includes the epithelial …

Background Although various genes and genomic regions were described as of
susceptibility for nonsyndromic oral clefts (NOC), recent reports have demonstrated …

BACKGROUND Oral clefts are common congenital anomalies and result from defects during
embryogenesis. The complex etiology is evident by the number of genes and signaling …

Individuals with clefts present considerably more dental anomalies than individuals without
clefts. We also have shown that these individuals report cancer in their families more often …