Background Lack of access to and use of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) cause 1.6
million deaths every year, of which 1.2 million are due to gastrointestinal illnesses like …

We assess evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on long-run economic
productivity and living standards in poor countries. We first document that several studies …

Background Three large new trials of unprecedented scale and cost, which included novel
factorial designs, have found no effect of basic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) …

Agricultural and food policies are increasingly being tasked with doing more to improve the
nutritional status of low-income populations, especially reductions in child stunting. Which …

Close to 100 million Indonesians lack access to improved sanitation, while 33 million live
without improved drinking water. Indonesia is home to the second largest number of open …

In this paper, we shed new light on a long-standing puzzle: in India, Muslim children are
substantially more likely than Hindu children to survive to their first birthday, even though …

Background 3 years before the 2015 deadline, Ethiopia achieved Millennium Development
Goal 4. The under-5 mortality decreased 69%, from 205 deaths per 1000 livebirths in 1990 …

We investigate the impacts of a widely used sanitation intervention, Community-Led Total
Sanitation, which was implemented at scale across rural areas of Indonesia with a …

In October 2019, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer jointly won the 51st
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel" for their …

Abstract In 2020, 46% of the global population lacked safely managed sanitation services.
Poor sanitation may lead to health problems and restrict economic activities. This study is …