The nature of wireless sensor networks necessitates specific design requirements, of which
energy efficiency is paramount. In this paper we present SEER (Simple Energy Efficient …

Many energy-aware routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks.
Most of them are only energy savers and do not take care about energy balancing. The …

Energy aware routing protocols can be classified into energy saver and energy manager.
Energy saver protocols decrease energy consumption totally. Most of them try to find the …

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the operation of sensor nodes has to rely on a limited
supply of energy (such as batteries). To support long lifetime operation of WSNs, an energy …

Wireless sensor nodes may be spread over large areas and long distances, and require
multi‐hop communications between nodes, making direct management numerous wireless …

Sensor nodes may be spread over a large area and long distances, and multi-hop
communication may be required between nodes, so managing numerous wireless sensor …

With the widespread use of portable systems, power dissipation has become a major
concern of battery-driven embedded system design. This paper introduces several …

In wireless sensor network, devices or nodes are generally battery powered devices. These
nodes have limited amount of initial energy that are consumed at different rates, depending …