A decrease in physical activity may lead to an increased loss of bone and an increase in the
incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Studies have demonstrated increases in bone formation …

I. Introduction D ISRUPTION of reproductive functions in mammals is a well known
consequence of stress. The changes undergone by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal …

ABSTRACT COBB, KL, LK BACHRACH, G. GREENDALE, R. MARCUS, RM NEER, J.
NIEVES, MF SOWERS, BW BROWN, JR., G. GOPALAKRISHNAN, C. LUETTERS, HK …

From 240 questionnaires, we investigated the preva lence of stress fractures in competitive
collegiate female long distance runners and its relationship to menstrual history. The …

Evidence of a direct relationship between dietary calcium and bone mass in young adults is
inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the existing literature …

Increased incidence of stress fracture has been reported for amenorrheic runners, while
some studies have reported decreased spinal bone mass in amenorrheic runners. Based on …

Our purpose was to determine the relationship of diet, exercise, and amenorrhea with bone
mineral status in trained young women. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was …

The various menstrual disorders in athletes may reflect different degrees of exposure to a
disrupting factor or differences in the susceptibility of various women to disruption. The …

Radial bone mineral density (BMD) of 217 white women aged 22–54 years from a single
rural community was evaluated in 1984 using single‐photon absorptiometry. BMD was …

Body composition (fat and lean compartments) and bone mineral density were measured in
246 healthy premenopausal women, aged 20–40 years, residing in Tecumseh, Michigan …