Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created by engraftment of patient tumor tissues
into immunocompetent mice. Since a PDX model retains the characteristics of the primary …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare, aggressive disease with poor overall survival. In
advanced cases, surgery is often not possible or fails; in addition, there is a lack of effective …

Three cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell line—formerly named, M156, M213 and M214 have
been intensively used with discrepancy of their tumor origins. They were assumed to be …

Establishing appropriate preclinical models is essential for cancer research. Evidence
suggests that cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. This follows the growing use of …

Preclinical models of cancer based on the use of human cancer cell lines and mouse
models have enabled discoveries that have been successfully translated into patients. And …

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant primary tumor of mesenchymal origin affecting bone.
It is characterized by a complex genotype, mainly due to the high frequency of …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumor characterized by a poor prognosis.
Therapeutic options are limited in patients with advanced stage of CCA, as a result of the …

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) arises along the peripheral bile ducts and is often
accompanied by a tumor microenvironment (TME) high in extracellular matrices (ECMs). In …

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and their xenograft-derived organoid (XDO) models that
recapitulate the genotypic and phenotypic landscape of patient cancers could help to …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive and fatal cancer. The prognosis is very poor
and no optimal chemotherapy has been established. Human epidermal growth factor …