In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

We have collected transit times for the TRAPPIST-1 system with the Spitzer Space
Telescope over four years. We add to these ground-based, HST, and K2 transit-time …

Abstract The Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging
(DAVINCI) mission described herein has been selected for flight to Venus as part of the …

Earth has had oceans for nearly four billion years and Mars had lakes and rivers 3.5–3.8
billion years ago. However, it is still unknown whether water has ever condensed on the …

One aim of modern astronomy is to detect temperate, Earth-like exoplanets that are well
suited for atmospheric characterization. Recently, three Earth-sized planets were detected …

Context. Previous theoretical works on planet formation around low-mass stars have often
been limited to large planets and individual systems. As current surveys routinely detect …

At a distance of 1.295 parsecs, the red dwarf Proxima Centauri (α Centauri C, GL 551, HIP
70890 or simply Proxima) is the Sun's closest stellar neighbour and one of the best-studied …

Context. Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the Sun. This small, low-mass, mid M dwarf is
known to host an Earth-mass exoplanet with an orbital period of 11.2 days within the …

The population of planets smaller than approximately 1.7 Earth radii (R⊕) is widely
interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture …