What is memory? How does the brain process the sensory information and modify an
organism's behavior? Many neuroscientists have focused on the activity-and experience …

The cerebellum, a universal processor for sensory acquisition and internal models, and its
association with synaptic and nonsynaptic plasticity have been envisioned as the biological …

Neurons store information by changing synaptic input weights. In addition, they can adjust
their membrane excitability to alter spike output. Here, we demonstrate a role of such …

Neuronal ensembles are coactive groups of cortical neurons, found in spontaneous and
evoked activity, that can mediate perception and behavior. To understand the mechanisms …

Long-term depression (LTD) at the parallel fiber (PF)-to-cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC)
synapse is implicated in the output of PCs, the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. In …

Purkinje cells (PCs) are the principal cells of the cerebellar cortex and form a central
element in the modular organization of the cerebellum. Differentiation of PCs based on gene …

In classical cerebellar learning, Purkinje cells (PkCs) associate climbing fiber (CF) error
signals with predictive granule cells (GrCs) that were active just prior (∼ 150 ms). The …

Loss of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) has been implicated in a number of
human diseases including spinocerebellar ataxias, Alzhiemer's disease and motor neuron …

For decades, the glial function has been highlighted not only as the 'structural glue', but also
as an 'active participant'in neural circuits. Here, we suggest that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF …

The dorsolateral striatum is critically involved in movement control and motor learning.
Striatal function is regulated by a variety of neuromodulators including acetylcholine …