BACKGROUND Genes correspond to single transcription units, starting from the promoter
and ending at the terminator. Terminating gene transcription is directly coupled to mRNA …

Maturation of mRNA precursors often occurs simultaneously with their synthesis by RNA
polymerase II (Pol II). The co-transcriptional nature of mRNA processing has permitted the …

Mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria and retain essential prokaryotic
features such as a compact circular genome. Consequently, in mammals, mitochondrial …

Transcription is a highly dynamic process. Consequently, we have developed native
elongating transcript sequencing technology for mammalian chromatin (mNET-seq), which …

The mechanisms contributing to transcription-associated genomic instability are both
complex and incompletely understood. Although R-loops are normal transcriptional …

Transcription termination occurs when the polymerase is released after a transcription event,
thus delimitating transcription units; however, the functional importance of termination …

The formation of R-loops is a natural consequence of the transcription process, caused by
invasion of the DNA duplex by nascent transcripts. These structures have been considered …

The torpedo model of transcription termination asserts that the exonuclease Xrn2 attacks the
5′ PO 4-end exposed by nascent RNA cleavage and chases down the RNA polymerase …

RNA quality control relies on co-factors and adaptors to identify and prepare substrates for
degradation by ribonucleases such as the 3′ to 5′ ribonucleolytic RNA exosome. Here …

Degradation of transcripts in human nuclei is primarily facilitated by the RNA exosome. To
obtain substrate specificity, the exosome is aided by adaptors; in the nucleoplasm, those …