Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been shown to exert antioxidative
and antiinflamma tory effects in cell culture, rodent and human studies. Based on the fact …

Neutrophils represent the first line of innate immunity and are the most prominent line of
cellular defence against invading microorganisms. On stimulation, they can quickly move …

Extensive metabolic and physiologic changes occur during the peripartum, concurrent with a
high incidence of infectious disease. Immune dysfunction is a likely contributor to the …

Throughout the estrous cycle the mammalian endometrium undergoes morphological and
functional changes that are essential for the establishment of pregnancy and proper ovarian …

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) are the first responders upon pathogen invasion and
hence play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses. Rumen-protected …

Background Ketosis in dairy cows is associated with body fat mobilization during the
peripartal period. Sub-clinical and clinical ketosis arise more frequently in cows that are …

After calving, lipid mobilization caused by increased nutrient demands for lactation leads to
elevated circulating concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive NEFA …

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation eliminates/prevents the spread of infectious
agents. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is involved in infectious diseases of cattle because it …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been identified as an important regulator of
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which plays an important role for metabolic regulation …

Dairy cows during the transition period are faced with important physiological changes
which include a dysfunctional immune system and an increased inflammatory state. New …