Carbon is an essential element of life on earth. Since the evolution of mankind, human
beings have exerted a substantial impact on carbon distribution in the various geo-habitats …

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission will
provide a calibration laboratory in orbit for the purpose of accurately measuring and …

Intercalibration of satellite instruments is critical for detection and quantification of changes
in the Earth's environment, weather forecasting, understanding climate processes, and …

Spectrally resolved measurements of the Earth's reflected shortwave (RSW) and outgoing
longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of the atmosphere intrinsically contain the imprints of a …

Approaches from metrology can assist earth observation (EO) practitioners to develop
quantitative characterisation of uncertainty in EO data. This is necessary for the credibility of …

Remote surface measurements by imaging spectrometers play an important role in
planetary and Earth science. To make these measurements, investigators calibrate …

Field spectroscopy is increasingly used in various fields of science: either as a research tool
in its own right or in support of airborne-or space-based optical instruments for calibration or …

Low uncertainty and long-term stability remote data are urgently needed for researching
climate and meteorology variability and trends. Meeting these requirements is difficult with in …

The Earth's climate is undoubtedly changing; however, the time scale, consequences, and
causal attribution remain the subject of significant debate and uncertainty. Detection of …

Optical earth observation (EO) satellite sensors generally suffer from drifts and biases
relative to their pre-launch calibration, caused by launch and/or time in the space …