Considering the effect of soil–structure interaction in dynamic analysis of structures can
change their responses. It is generally assumed that the structure is located on a rigid …

Closely-spaced side-by-side mechanized twin tunnels are commonly used in urban metro
transit systems. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of tunnel construction …

PFC2D (3D) is commercial software, which is commonly used to model the crack initiation of
rock and rock‐like materials. For the PFC2D (3D) numerical simulation, a proper set of …

One of the methods for investigation of mechanical behavior of materials is numerical
simulation. For simulation, its need to model behavior is close to real condition. PFC is one …

Tunnels are structures which have vital roles in the development of societies. In the
numerical models of underground cavities, such as tunnels, loading due to zone elimination …

To solve the complicated macro and micro parameter calibration problem in the discrete
element method (DEM) simulation of rock mechanics, macro parameter prediction and micro …

The constant growth of cities has led to a shortage of land in metro areas as a result;
numerous transportation issues must be addressed. The design of underground structures …

This paper discussed the effect of different buried depth (B) of the twin-tunnels using scale
experimental model and discrete element method (DEM). The diameter (D) of the twin …

This paper presents a new testing method for the problems encountered in field testing. To
this end, single-tunnel and twin-tunnel small-scale rock models are prepared in the …

A three-dimensional twin tunnels scale model was established utilizing the discrete element
method (DEM) with PFC3D. This model aims to investigate the displacement (in horizontal …