Excessive pollen harvesting by bees can compromise the reproductive success of plants.
Plants have therefore evolved different morphological structures and floral cues to narrow …

Sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) are highly robust natural microscale capsules that can
be extracted from plant spores and pollen grains, albeit through complex processing …

Current evidence suggests that pollen is both chemically and structurally protected. Despite
increasing interest in studying bee–flower networks, the constraints for bee development …

The properties of high loading capacity and long-term absorption are of great significance in
the field of nutraceuticals or drugs delivery. Herein, we developed an innovative method to …

Nature provides remarkable examples of mass-produced microscale particles with
structures and chemistries optimized by evolution for particular functions. Synthetic chemical …

Plant exine capsules are natural microscale capsules that are highly physically robust and
chemically resilient. They are extracted from pollen grains and plant spores, and can be …

We have attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of sporoderm development and
pattern determination in Plantago major through a detailed ontogenetic study, using …

A nesting aggregation of Andrena hesperia in Bologna (Italy) was studied to characterize
this bee's ecology, phenology and interactions with the environment. Andrena hesperia …

Due to the progressive development of electron scanning and transmission microscopy in
the recent decades, new information on morphology and sporoderm ultrastructure has been …

The aim of this paper is to investigate the ultrastructural events that occur during pollen
grains development, with emphasis in pollen grain wall and tapetum ontogeny in Ziziphus …