Typical for critical illnesses are substantial alterations within the hypothalamic–anterior
pituitary–peripheral hormonal axes that are proportionate to the risk of poor outcome. These …

The activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is characterized by an
ultradian (pulsatile) pattern of hormone secretion. Pulsatility of glucocorticoids has been …

Genome editing is a promising tool to accelerate the genetic improvement of important traits
if the causative genes are known. In aquaculture, only a few causative genes for traits are …

Context: Adrenal insufficiency is considered to be prevalent during critical illness, although
the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and optimal therapeutic strategy remain …

Critically ill patients have elevated plasma cortisol concentrations, in proportion to illness
severity. This was traditionally attributed exclusively to a central activation of the …

A pulsatile pattern of secretion is a characteristic of many hormonal systems, including the
glucocorticoid-producing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Despite recent …

For decades, elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in critically ill patients were exclusively
ascribed to a stimulated hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis with increased circulating …

The melanocortin-2-receptor (MC2R), also known as the ACTH receptor, is a critical
component of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The importance of MC2R in adrenal …

The concept of 'relative'adrenal insufficiency during critical illness remains a highly debated
disease entity. Several studies have addressed how to diagnose or treat this condition but …

Glucocorticoids are regulators of stress response essential for survival. Liver disease can
alter this homeostatic mechanism in patients with liver cirrhosis–a finding that might mirror …