The recent progress in high-speed (≥ 100k H z) laser diagnostics for hypersonic flows is
reviewed. Owing to the ultrahigh flow speed, a laser frequency of 100 kHz or higher is …

A three-point Focused Laser Differential Interferometer (FLDI) instrument was implemented
to investigate the freestream disturbance environment in a Mach-6 shock tunnel. The FLDI …

Focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI) and its relative two-point FLDI (2pFLDI) are
used to make density fluctuation and velocity measurements, respectively, in a canonical …

In this work, an enhanced version of the focused laser differential interferometer (FLDI) is
used to measure second-mode instabilities in the boundary layer on a flared cone in Mach 6 …

Focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI), first introduced in the 1970s, has developed
into a powerful tool for the analysis of turbulent dynamics and fluctuations in fluid flows …

In this work, a model of focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI) is derived by
incorporating the local intensity of each beam in an FLDI beam pair. We rederive some …

The boundary layer on a sharp-tip, partially flared, actively cooled cone with discrete
roughness elements has been studied in a quiet Mach 6 wind tunnel using linear array …

Boundary-layer transition, and the increased heating that accompanies it, has a great effect
on how hypersonic vehicles and projectiles are designed. The Mack-mode instability is the …

Measurements of surface heat flux via IR thermography and boundary layer density
fluctuations using a variation of focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI) were …

FOCUSED-LASER differential interferometry (FLDI), first dis-cussed by Smeets and George
[1], allows for high-frequency (greater than1 MHz) nonintrusive flow disturbance …