Leishmania is an obligate intracellular pathogen that invades phagocytic host cells.
Approximately 30 different species of Phlebotomine sand flies can transmit this parasite …

It is obvious that there is a critical need for an efficient malaria vaccine to accelerate malaria
eradication. Currently, recombinant subunit vaccination against malaria using proteins and …

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of both hospital and community acquired
infections worldwide. S. aureus can develop multidrug resistance; thus, immunotherapy can …

The potency of a vaccine highly depends upon the nature of the adjuvant used. There are a
variety of ineffective vaccines, such as HIV‐1 vaccine candidates, that need to be optimized …

Objective (s): Many types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been identified, with
some leading to cancer and others to skin lesions such as anogenital warts. Studies have …

Despite the great success of vaccines in various infectious diseases, most current vaccines
are not effective enough, and on the contrary, clinically approved alum adjuvants cannot …

Objective (s): SARS-CoV-2, emerging as a major threat to public health, has to be controlled
through vaccination. Naloxone (NLX), an opioid receptor antagonist, demonstrated its …

Toxic effects of available therapeutics are major drawbacks for conventional management
approaches in parasitic infections. Vaccines have provided a promising opportunity to …

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of Montanide ISA-720 and Naloxone
(NLX) in Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine formulation on cytokine and long …

Abstract Background Current Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) vaccines are commonly
formulated in the alum adjuvant. Several studies showed that this form of vaccine, although …