▪ Abstract The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2− and H2O2, is an
unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism. In plant cells the mitochondrial electron …

The electron transport chain in mitochondria of different organisms contains a mixture of
common and specialised components. The specialised enzymes form branches to the …

▪ Abstract Plant mitochondria have a highly branched electron transport chain that provides
great flexibility for oxidation of cytosolic and matrix NAD (P) H. In addition to the universal …

SUMMARY Type II NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductases (NDH-2) catalyze the two-electron
transfer from NAD (P) H to quinones, without any energy-transducing site. NDH-2 …

Ca2+ signaling in mitochondria is important to tune mitochondrial function to a variety of
extracellular stimuli. The main mechanism is Ca2+ entry in mitochondria via the Ca2+ …

Respiratory metabolism includes the reactions of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and
the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but is also directly linked with many other …

In addition to proton-pumping complex I, plant mitochondria contain several type II NAD (P)
H dehydrogenases in the electron transport chain. The extra enzymes allow the nonenergy …

The so-called" alternative" electron transport proteins, the rotenone-insensitive NAD (P) H
dehydrogenases and the alternative oxidase, distinguish the inner membrane of plant …

Electron transfer pathways associated to oxygenic photosynthesis, including cyclic electron
flow around photosystem I and chlororespiration, rely on non-photochemical reduction of …

Most reducing equivalents extracted from foodstuffs during oxidative metabolism are fed into
the respiratory chains of aerobic bacteria and mitochondria by NADH: quinone …