Photoperiod is an environmental signal that varies predictably across the year. Therefore,
the duration of sunlight available for photosynthesis and in turn the ability of plants to …

Energy efficiency is a key performance indicator that is not met by vertical farming, but no
representative benchmark has yet emerged, hindering comparison with traditional …

Plant factory with artificial light (PFAL) based on vertical farming is a promising technology
for resource-efficient plant production, especially in urban areas or arid regions. However …

This study proposes the assembly and tuning of an inexpensive lighting control system
composed of light sensors, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and microcontrollers, for automatic …

Achieving food self-sufficiency in hot desert climates requires year-round farming, which is
challenging due to extreme weather, water scarcity, and limited arable land. Indoor soil-less …

Plant factory is one of the controlled environment agriculture forms with huge potential to
alleviate food crisis, but the high energy cost restricts its widespread adoption. Numerous …

Leafy vegetables, mainly lettuces, are currently the main crop cultivated in controlled
environment agriculture (CEA), including vertical farming and plant factories. There is a …

The rise of high-rise vertical farms in cities is helping to mitigate urban constraints on crop
production, including land, transportation, and yield requirements. However, separate issues …

This article applies the exergy analysis to the production and use of sugarcane, considering
a model published in the literature. In this way, we compute incident solar irradiation …

Abstract The Central Business District (CBD) office building is making efforts to reduce
building electricity costs, and one alternative is solar power plant installation. PT. Rancang …