In eukaryotes, the separation of translation from transcription by the nuclear envelope
enables mRNA modifications such as capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. These …

Termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires two distinct processes: The
formation of a defined 3′ end of the transcribed RNA, as well as the disengagement of RNA …

During their synthesis in the cell nucleus, most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo a two‐step 3′‐
end processing reaction in which the pre‐mRNA is cleaved and released from the …

Processing of mRNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) by polyadenylation is an essential step in
gene expression. Polyadenylation consists of two steps, cleavage and poly (A) synthesis …

The transcription cycle of RNAPII is comprised of three consecutive steps; initiation,
elongation and termination. It has been assumed that the initiation and termination steps …

The design of improved synthetic parts is a major goal of synthetic biology. Mechanistically,
nucleosome occupancy in the 3′ terminator region of a gene has been found to correlate …

Post-transcriptional upregulation is an effective way to increase the expression of
transgenes and thus maximize the yields of target chemicals from metabolically engineered …

Almost all eukaryotic mRNAs must be polyadenylated at their 3′ ends to function in protein
synthesis. This modification occurs via a large nuclear complex that recognizes signal …

Metabolically engineered microorganisms that produce useful organic compounds will be
helpful for realizing a sustainable society. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has …

In eukaryotes, the poly (A) tail added at the 3′ end of an mRNA precursor is essential for
the regulation of mRNA stability and the initiation of translation. Poly (A) polymerase (PAP) is …