Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

Reversible silencing of neuronal activity is a powerful approach for isolating the roles of
specific neuronal populations in circuit dynamics and behavior. In contrast with neuronal …

Many behavioural tasks require the manipulation of mathematical vectors, but, outside of
computational models,,,,,–, it is not known how brains perform vector operations. Here we …

Optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity through excitatory and inhibitory opsins has
become an indispensable experimental strategy in neuroscience research. For many …

The recent assembly of the adult Drosophila melanogaster central brain connectome,
containing more than 125,000 neurons and 50 million synaptic connections, provides a …

Long-lasting internal arousal states motivate and pattern ongoing behaviour, enabling the
temporary emergence of innate behavioural programs that serve the needs of an animal …

Optogenetic silencing allows time-resolved functional interrogation of defined neuronal
populations. However, the limitations of inhibitory optogenetic tools impose stringent …

Whereas progress has been made in the identification of neural signals related to rapid,
cued decisions,–, less is known about how brains guide and terminate more ethologically …

Microbial rhodopsins are a family of photoactive retinylidene proteins widespread
throughout the microbial world. They are notable for their diversity of function, using …

Choosing a mate is one of the most consequential decisions a female will make during her
lifetime. A female fly signals her willingness to mate by opening her vaginal plates, allowing …