Abstract Systems of oppression have shaped the prejudicial treatment of Black people
based on the appearance of their hair, from the era of chattel enslavement to present-day …

ABSTRACT For African American women, hair is a key site of identity formation and self-
esteem that has been largely ignored by education researchers. Fifty-six African American …

Hair and hair care are psychologically meaningful for Black men. This article illuminates the
stories of Black men as they negotiate their identities by having their hair cut by others, in …

Racial socialization is a multidimensional process that is critical to the social development of
African American boys and men. Examining messages that may promote Black male racial …

African American grandmothers frequently take on a caregiving role of their grandchildren
and this intergenerational exchange is often inclusive of hair care. Nineteen African …

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore Black women's perceptions and beliefs
about hair and intimate relationships with men. The existing literature on hair in intimate …

ABSTRACT People across the African Diaspora have developed a complex socio-visual-
language system of hair as a means of self-expression; however, the decades of economic …

Abstract Often African American women are held to biased standards of beauty. The
internalization of these standards that reject their natural physical appearance of highly …

In the context of identity development, hair is a large factor in how women and girls feel
about themselves and serves as a base for their personal merit, value, and worth …