Two-component systems (TCS) comprising sensor histidine kinases and response regulator
proteins are among the most important players in bacterial and archaeal signal transduction …

Bacteria have evolved many different signal transduction systems that sense signals and
generate a variety of responses. Generally, most abundant are transcriptional regulators …

Two-component signal transduction based on phosphotransfer from a histidine protein
kinase to a response regulator protein is a prevalent strategy for coupling environmental …

Histidine kinases (HKs) are major players in bacterial signaling. There has been an
explosion of new HK crystal structures in the last 5 years. We globally analyze the structures …

Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domains serve as versatile sensor and interaction modules in signal
transduction proteins. PAS sensors detect chemical and physical stimuli and regulate the …

Bacteria sense and respond to a wide range of physical and chemical signals. Central to
sensing and responding to these signals are two-component systems, which have a sensor …

Two-component systems regulate crucial cellular processes in microorganisms, and each
comprises a homodimeric histidine kinase receptor and a cytoplasmic response regulator …

Summary Two-component systems (TCSs), which comprise sensor histidine kinases (SHK)
and response-regulator proteins, represent the predominant strategy by which prokaryotes …

The bacterial second messenger bis-(3′–5′) cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-
di-GMP) has emerged as a central regulator for biofilm formation. Increased cellular c-di …

Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are widely conserved in bacteria to
respond to and adapt to the changing environment. Since TCSs are also involved in …