Epidemiological studies established that elevated homocysteine, an important intermediate
in folate, vitamin B12, and one carbon metabolism, is associated with poor health, including …

Developing reliable, predictive animal models for complex psychiatric disorders, such as
schizophrenia, is essential to increase our understanding of the neurobiological basis of the …

Many neurological and most psychiatric disorders are not due to mutations in a single gene;
rather, they involve molecular disturbances entailing multiple genes and signals that control …

Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized to play a role in the etiology and
pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders with developmental …

Parental care influences development across mammals. In humans such influences include
effects on phenotypes, such as stress reactivity, which determine individual differences in …

Introduction Under specific conditions, a weak lead stimulus, or “prepulse”, can inhibit the
startling effects of a subsequent intense abrupt stimulus. This startle-inhibiting effect of the …

Extinction of conditioned fear is an important model both of inhibitory learning and of
behavior therapy for human anxiety disorders. Like other forms of learning, extinction …

The central theme of personalized medicine is the premise that an individual's unique
physiologic characteristics play a significant role in both disease vulnerability and in …

Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a
change in DNA sequence. Research has shown that epigenetic mechanisms provide an" …

Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of
homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is …