In the absence of an intact interferon (IFN) response, mammals may be susceptible to lethal
viral infection. IFNs are secreted cytokines that activate a signal transduction cascade …

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe
outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly …

Severe cases of COVID‐19 are associated with extensive lung damage and the presence of
infected multinucleated syncytial pneumocytes. The viral and cellular mechanisms …

Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs 1, 2 and 3) can restrict viral pathogens,
but pro-and anti-viral activities have been reported for coronaviruses. Here, we show that …

An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of
immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological …

Interferon‐induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) restrict infections by many viruses, but
a subset of IFITMs enhance infections by specific coronaviruses through currently unknown …

Syncytia are formed when individual cells fuse. SARS-CoV-2 induces syncytia when the
viral spike (S) protein on the surface of an infected cell interacts with receptors on …

Virus entry, consisting of attachment to and penetration into the host target cell, is the first
step of the virus life cycle and is a critical 'do or die'event that governs virus emergence in …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting …

Infectious diseases prevalent in humans and animals are caused by pathogens that once
emerged from other animal hosts. In addition to these established infections, new infectious …