Sialic acids are a diverse family of monosaccharides widely expressed on all cell surfaces of
vertebrates and so‐called “higher” invertebrates, and on certain bacteria that interact with …

Although new activation and regulatory mechanisms are still being identified, the basic
architecture of the complement system has been known for decades. Two major roles of …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most frequent cause of irreversible
blindness in the elderly in developed countries. Our previous studies implicated activation of …

Pneumococcal meningitis continues to be associated with high rates of mortality and long-
term neurological sequelae. The most common route of infection starts by nasopharyngeal …

Leptospirosis is a perplexing conundrum for many. In the existing literature, the
pathophysiological mechanisms pertaining to leptospirosis is still not understood in full …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, is a
complex disease to study because of the potential role of demographic, environmental, and …

The complement system consists of about 35–40 proteins and glycoproteins present in
blood plasma or on cell surfaces. Its main biological function is to recognise “foreign” …

The complement system, by virtue of its dual effector and priming functions, is a major host
defense against pathogens. Flavivirus nonstructural protein (NS)-1 has been speculated to …

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease caused by the
interplay of age and genetic and environmental risk factors. A common feature observed in …

Upon entering the human body, bacteria are confronted with the sophisticated innate
defense mechanisms of the human host. From work in recent years it has become obvious …