Uncertainty has long been of interest to economists and psychologists and has more
recently gained attention among ecologists. In the ecological world, animals must regularly …

Prey incorporate information about risk, safety, and the reliability of both of these cues when
assessing risk of predation. Here, we report results of an experiment testing avoidance of …

Inadvertent social information (ISI) use, ie, the exploitation of social cues including the
presence and behaviour of others, has been predicted to mediate population-level …

Predation exerts a pervasive and unforgiving selection pressure such that it can influence
prey life history, morphology, physiology, and behaviour. The combined effects of climate …

Microplastics, plastic particles between 0.0001 and 5 mm in diameter, are ubiquitous in the
environment and are known to be consumed by organisms, leading to a variety of adverse …

Disturbance cues are metabolic byproducts that are argued to function as 'early warning
signals' where both the senders and receivers can benefit from their release. These …

Predation carries a number of non-consumptive ie non-lethal behavioural effects over daily,
seasonal, yearly, and generational time scales through which population-level changes in …

Predators affect prey populations by driving prey to adopt costly antipredator strategies.
Spatial neophobia mitigates the risks of novel spaces by reducing space use and is …