The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) are associated with
dose-and efficacy-limiting adverse events, including nephrotoxicity, which may diminish their …

Background: The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), cyclosporine and tacrolimus, have had a
revolutionary effect on the overall success of renal transplantation through reduction in early …

Cyclosporin is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant that interferes with the
activity of T cells chiefly via calcineurin inhibition. The original oil-based oral formulation of …

Although the calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus are highly
effective immunosuppressants, they are associated with serious side effects. There is great …

With the development of new immunosuppressive agents, the focus of anti-rejection therapy
has shifted from prevention of acute allograft rejection to an emphasis on sufficient …

In the control of acute rejection, attention is being focused more and more on the long-term
adverse effects of the immunosuppressive agents used. Since cardiovascular disease is the …

Background. This study determined whether cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated renal allograft
recipients with deteriorating renal function (“creeping creatinine”) secondary to chronic …

Background Mycophenolate is increasingly being used in the rheumatic diseases. Its main
adverse effects are gastrointestinal, myelosuppression, and infection. These may limit use in …

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a highly selective, non‐competitive and reversible inhibitor of
the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in the de …

Background. Long-term maintenance immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CsA) is
associated with chronic transplant nephropathy and adverse effects on blood pressure and …