Nicotiana benthamiana is the most widely used experimental host in plant virology, due
mainly to the large number of diverse plant viruses that can successfully infect it …

The study of biological systems relies to a large extent on DNA cloning technologies
enabling the analysis of recombinant genes through transgenic research. In this context, the …

Growth regulation tailors development in plants to their environment. A prominent example
of this is the response to gravity, in which shoots bend up and roots bend down. This …

Adverse environmental conditions such as high temperature and drought stress greatly limit
the growth and production of crops worldwide. Several NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) …

Oxygen is a key signalling component of plant biology, and whilst an oxygen-sensing
mechanism was previously described in Arabidopsis thaliana, key features of the associated …

Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl
shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway …

Plant synthetic biology aims to apply engineering principles to plant genetic design. One
strategic requirement of plant synthetic biology is the adoption of common standardized …

Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are master regulators of cell signaling, but how
they are regulated depending on the cellular context is unclear. We found that the …

Plants adapt to different environmental conditions by constantly forming new organs in
response to morphogenetic signals. Lateral roots branch from the main root in response to …

Abstract Intracellular Na+/H+ (NHX) antiporters have important roles in cellular pH and Na+,
K+ homeostasis. The six Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular NHX members are divided into …