District heating and cooling systems have evolved through several development stages in
order to improve their energy efficiency. The latest development reached the fifth generation …

Development of new building HVAC control algorithms has grown due to needs for energy
efficiency and operational flexibility. However, case studies demonstrating new algorithms …

Simplified heat pump models are needed for the design of ground heat exchangers used
with ground-source heat pump systems. Design engineers commonly have only …

District heating (DH) can help increasing the share of renewable and residual energy
sources in the heating sector. Usually a rule-based controller (RBC) is used for controlling …

Spawn is DOE's next-generation tool chain for whole building energy control simulation.
Spawn couples traditional imperative load-based envelope modelling with new equation …

In planning tools for shallow geothermal source systems, the heat pump is often considered
in a highly simplified way without any dedicated control behavior or individual system setup …

Developing accurate models is necessary to optimize the operation of heating systems. A
large number of field measurements from monitored heat pumps have made it possible to …

Vapor compression cycles have gained high importance due to increasing concerns
regarding the decarbonization of heating and cooling applications. Typically, vapor …

Abstract Model Predictive Control (MPC) has shown significant energy savings potential in
the operation of building energy systems, yet it needs accurate and simple models for …

The building sector consumes over 30% of the total final energy consumption 67 and the
associated CO2 emissions have a negative impact on our climate. The use of contemporary …