In recent years, the rapid development of e-commerce has brought great convenience to
people. Compared with traditional business environment, e-commerce is more dynamic and …

Purpose: In the contemporary landscape of mining projects, the imperative to navigate
through periods of uncertainty has driven the exploration of alternative strategic tools rooted …

As an effective mechanism for improving energy efficiency, energy performance contracting
(EPC) is receiving increasing attention. However, due to many uncertain factors that affect …

The geometric Brownian motion (GBM) model is a mathematical model that has been used
to model asset price paths. By incorporating Hurst parameter to GBM to characterize long …

With unpredictable climate policies and fuel technology developments, the maritime industry
faces significant uncertainties. This study presents a stochastic approach to assess …

Carbon emission right allowance is a double-edged sword, one edge is to reduce emission
as its original design intention, another edge has in practice slain many less developed coal …

As iron ore is the fundamental steel production resource, predicting its price is strategically
important for risk management at related enterprises and projects. Based on a signal …

The transition towards a low-carbon economy is crucial to achieve the Paris climate goals,
but it also presents the risk of stranded assets across various industries. However, existing …

Nationwide unification of carbon emission right market in China has long been proposed yet
not achieved. Launching of the nationwide trading center at Shanghai was a recent great …

In this manuscript, daily and weekly geometric Brownian motion forecasts are obtained and
tested for reliability for three indexes, DJIA, NASDAQ and S&P 500. A twenty-year rolling …