Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process to remove dysfunctional or
superfluous mitochondria, thus fine-tuning mitochondrial number and preserving energy …

Mitochondria play key roles in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling; therefore, stable
mitochondrial function is essential for cell survival, particularly in energy-intensive neuronal …

That certain cell types in the central nervous system are more likely to undergo
neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease is a widely appreciated but poorly understood …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aging and multiple degenerative diseases, including
intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, the maintenance of …

Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. As defects in
oxidative phosphorylation can generate harmful reactive oxygen species, it is important that …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The
pathogenesis of PD is complicated and remains obscure, but growing evidence suggests …

Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase parkin are responsible for a familial form of Parkinson's
disease. Parkin and the PINK1 kinase regulate a quality-control system for mitochondria …

Mitophagy is an important type of selective autophagy for specific elimination of damaged
mitochondria. PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1)-catalyzed phosphorylation of …

Mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein
ligase (PARKIN) genes are associated with familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Autosomal-recessive juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP) is caused by mutations in a number of
PARK genes, in particular the genes encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin (PARK2, also …