Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious
applications. They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Tissue engineering has become a medical alternative in this society with an ever-increasing
lifespan. Advances in the areas of technology and biomaterials have facilitated the use of …

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a photocurable hydrogel, is widely used in 3D culture,
particularly in 3D bioprinting, due to its high biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

4D printing has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of biomedical
engineering, offering the potential for dynamic, stimuli-responsive structures with …

Tissue engineering is an advanced and potential biomedical approach to treat patients
suffering from lost or failed an organ or tissue to repair and regenerate damaged tissues that …

The functional capabilities of skeletal muscle are strongly correlated with its well-arranged
microstructure, consisting of parallelly aligned myotubes. In case of extensive muscle loss …

The development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new
dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could …

Shape‐memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and
adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These …