Purpose: To review control mechanisms for blood flow in the choroid, propose a system by
which venous outflow is controlled by a Starling resistor, and propose an explanation for the …

Background Although widely used in the evaluation of the diseased, normal intracranial
pressure and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure remain sparsely documented. Intracranial …

Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in perivascular spaces (PVS) is one of the key concepts
involved in theories concerning clearance from the brain. Experimental studies have …

Background Infusion testing is a common procedure to determine whether shunting will be
beneficial in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. The method has a well …

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation between the brain and spinal canal, as
part of the glymphatic system, provides homeostatic support to brain functions and waste …

Since the venous system is affected by gravity, upright computed tomography (CT) in
addition to conventional supine CT has great potential for evaluating postural changes in the …

Background Studies indicate that brain clearance via the glymphatic system is impaired in
idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). This has been suggested to result from …

In spite of cardiovascular system (CVS) response to posture changes have been widely
studied, a number of mechanisms and their interplay in regulating central blood pressure …

OBJECTIVE A better understanding of the effect of position on intracranial pressure (ICP)
and compliance is important for the development of treatment strategies that can restore …

OBJECTIVE To optimize surgical positioning for posterior fossa surgery (PFS) using the
semisitting position (SSP) to avoid venous air embolism (VAE) and its possible life …