Bacteria and other microorganisms have evolved an ingenious form of life, where they
cooperate and improve their chances of survival when subjected to environmental stress …

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine organisms, and it is now well established
that low Fe availability controls phytoplankton productivity, community structure, and …

The durability of plastics in the marine environment has led to concerns regarding the
pervasiveness of this debris in remote polar habitats. Microplastic (MP) enrichment in East …

Microbial biofilms are formed by adherence of the bacteria through their secreted polymer
matrices. The major constituents of the polymer matrices are extracellular DNAs, proteins …

Abstract The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern
Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global …

Polar sea ice is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. The liquid brine fraction of the ice
matrix is home to a diverse array of organisms, ranging from tiny archaea to larger fish and …

Observations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global
biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the …

Antarctic landfast sea ice (fast ice) is stationary sea ice that is attached to the coast,
grounded icebergs, ice shelves, or other protrusions on the continental shelf. Fast ice forms …

Bacteria in marine environments are often under extreme conditions of eg, pressure,
temperature, salinity, and depletion of micronutrients, with survival and proliferation often …

The discovery that melting sea ice can fertilize iron (Fe)-depleted polar waters has recently
fostered trace metal research efforts in sea ice. The aim of this review is to summarize and …