The ability of cells to respond to extracellular signals relies on a set of mechanisms that are
of widespread use in different developmental contexts and are highly conserved among …

The Torso receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is required for cell fate specification in the terminal
regions (head and tail) of the early Drosophila embryo. Torso contains a split tyrosine kinase …

Abstract During Drosophila eye development, Hedgehog (Hh) protein secreted by maturing
photoreceptors directs a wave of differentiation that sweeps anteriorly across the retinal …

In insect embryos, anteroposterior patterning is coordinated by the sequential expression of
the 'timer'genes caudal, Dichaete, and odd-paired, whose expression dynamics correlate …

Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) torso defines the spatial domains of
expression of the transcription factors tailless and huckebein. Previous analyses have …

3-3 proteins have been shown to interact with Raf-1 and cause its activation when
overexpressed. However, their precise role in Raf-1 activation is still enigmatic, as they are …

The terminal portions of the Drosophila body pattern are specified by the localized activity of
the receptor tyrosine kinase Torso (Tor) at each pole of the early embryo. Tor activity elicits …

We have examined the role in patterning of quantitative variations of MAPK activity in
signaling from theDrosophilaTorso (Tor) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Activation of Tor at …

The proto-oncoprotein Raf is pivotal for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling,
and its aberrant activation has been implicated in multiple human cancers. However, the …

One major challenge in the fields of signal transduction and pattern formation is to
understand how multiple signals are integrated to determine cell fates. Two developmental …