Accurate forest density estimates based on United States Public Land Surveys have long
been questioned because of doubts about randomness of both the surveyors' selection of …

Historical baselines of forest conditions provide reference states to assess how forests have
changed through time. In California, the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) provides tree …

Aim I detail several problems and solutions related to estimating pre‐settlement forest
density from land surveyors' bearing tree data. The data have a high value, so clarification of …

Background EuroAmerican land-use and its legacies have transformed forest structure and
composition across the United States (US). More accurate reconstructions of historical states …

Historical forest conditions are often used to inform contemporary management goals
because historical forests are considered to be resilient to ecological disturbances. The …

Historical records provide valuable information on the prior conditions of ecological systems
and species distribution, especially in the context of growing environmental change …

For centuries humans have reduced and transformed Mediterranean‐climate oak woodland
and savanna ecosystems, making it difficult to establish credible baselines for ecosystem …

Understanding and mapping presettlement fire regimes is vitally important for ecosystem
restoration, helping ensure the proper placement of fire back into ecosystems that formerly …

Abstract The US General Land Office land surveys document trees present during European
settlement. However, use of these surveys for calculating historical forest density and other …

The accuracy of methods for reconstructing parameters (eg, tree density) of historical forest
structure from General Land Office (GLO) survey data has not been thoroughly assessed …