Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

Forecasting sea level is critical for coastal structure building and port operations. There are,
however, challenges in making these predictions, resulting from the complicated processes …

The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted 1 using
ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using …

The Greenland ice sheet is one of the largest contributors to global mean sea-level rise
today and is expected to continue to lose mass as the Arctic continues to warm. The two …

The retreat and acceleration of Greenland glaciers since the mid-1990s have been
attributed to the enhanced intrusion of warm Atlantic Waters (AW) into fjords, but this …

Rapid ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet since 1992 is due in equal parts to increased
surface melting and accelerated ice flow. The latter is conventionally attributed to ocean …

Feedbacks between ice melt, glacier flow and ocean circulation can rapidly accelerate ice
loss at tidewater glaciers and alter projections of sea-level rise. At the core of these …

Projection of the contribution of ice sheets to sea-level change as part of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project–phase 6 (CMIP6) takes the form of simulations from coupled ice …

Accurately projecting mass loss from ice sheets is of critical societal importance. However,
despite recent improvements in ice sheet models, our analysis of a recent effort to project ice …

Warming of the ocean waters surrounding Greenland plays a major role in driving glacier
retreat and the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. The melt rate at the junction of the …