Snow or glacial algae are found on all continents, and most species are in the
Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta) and Zygnematales (Streptophyta). Other algal groups …

It is well known that cold environments are predominant over the Earth and there are a great
number of reports analyzing bacterial adaptations to cold. Most of these works are focused …

Water is the cellular milieu, drives all biochemistry within Earth's biosphere and facilitates
microbe‐mediated decay processes. Instead of reviewing these topics, the current article …

Highlights•Glaciers act as cold condensers where the deposition of contaminants is
favored.•Cryoconite holes are efficient traps for contaminants and are biologically active …

Glaciers are now acknowledged as an important biome globally, but biological processes in
the interior of the glacier (englacial) are thought to be slow and to play only a minor role in …

The worldwide distribution of microinvertebrates on glaciers, the coldest biome, is poorly
known. Owing to their tolerance to hostile conditions, small size and dispersal abilities …

Extreme microorganisms (extremophile) are organisms that inhabit environments
characterized by inhospitable parameters for most live beings (extreme temperatures and …

Icy worlds in the solar system and beyond have attracted a remarkable attention as possible
habitats for life. The current consideration about whether life exists beyond Earth is based on …

The cell wall is a shape-defining structure that envelopes almost all bacteria and protects
them from environmental stresses. Bacteria can be forced to grow without a cell wall under …

Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea
and microeukaryotes. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water …