In this review we develop the argument that cholestatic liver diseases, particularly primary
biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), evolve over time with …

The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades
despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target …

The liver plays an important role in xenobiotic metabolism and represents a primary target
for toxic substances. Many different in vitro cell models have been developed in the past …

Longitudinal monitoring of liver function in vivo is hindered by the lack of high-resolution non-
invasive imaging techniques. Using the anterior chamber of the mouse eye as a …

While alternative methods for toxicity testing using re-constructed human skin and cornea
have been written into guidelines and adopted by regulatory authorities, three-dimensional …

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a global health issue and leads to progressive
liver injury, comorbidities, and increased mortality. Human-relevant preclinical models of …

Upon severe and/or chronic liver injury, ectopic emergence and expansion of atypical biliary
epithelial-like cells in the liver parenchyma, known as the ductular reaction, is typically …

Protein-based hydrogels hold a high content of water in their three-dimensional (3D)
network structure and exhibit innate biological activities as well as soft tissue-like …

A plethora of human hepatocyte-based in vitro systems for toxicity testing has been
developed over the past few years. These systems are either directly derived from liver …

Epimedii Folium (EF), a commonly used herbal medicine to treat osteoporosis, has caused
serious concern due to potential hepatotoxicity. Until now, its intrinsic hepatotoxic …