Startle reflex potentiation versus startle attenuation to unpleasant versus pleasant stimuli
likely reflect priming of the defensive versus appetitive motivational systems, respectively …

Introduction One of the hardest challenges of the third century is to develop theories that
could joint different results for a global explanation of human consciousness. Some …

Vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is thought to index top–down control
processes in emotion regulation. According to the Generalized Unsafety Theory of Stress …

The heart–brain interaction is the main mechanism for maintaining normative physiological
processes, and its dysregulation underlies the somatic symptoms of various mental …

Studies suggest that deficits in startle reflex habituation occur in trait and clinical anxiety.
Measures of habituation are affected by the magnitude of the initial response, with larger …

Chronic diseases, specifically autoimmune disorders, take an enormous physical,
psychological, and financial toll on patients, families, and the healthcare system. Mainstream …

Multiple recent studies have identified negative affective reactivity as a prospective predictor
of physical and mental health outcomes. This study seeks to extend this line of research to …