Extracellular vesicles are released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluids.
They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a leading public health problem
worldwide. The global estimated prevalence of CKD is 13.4%(11.7–15.1%), and patients …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasing health burden with high morbidity and mortality
rates worldwide. AKI is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and …

Novel therapies are urgently needed to address the rising incidence and prevalence of
acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mesenchymal stem/stromal …

Exosome is a nanoscale vesicle with a size range of 30–100 nm. It is secreted from cell to
extracellular space by exocytosis after fusion of multivesicular body (MVB)(formed by …

With the ever-increasing burden of kidney disease, the need for developing new
therapeutics to manage this disease has never been greater. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) …

Low back pain, mainly caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is a common
health problem; however, current surgical treatments are less than satisfactory. Thus, it is …

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is one of the main causes for acute kidney injury
(AKI). Many previous attempts failed to adopt a suitable treatment regimen for AKI. Recently …

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are emerging as non‐invasive biomarkers for various
kidney diseases, but it is unknown how differences in nephron mass impact uEV excretion …

Acute kidney injury, defined by a rapid deterioration of renal function, is a common
complication in hospitalized patients. Among the recent therapeutic options, the use of …