Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-
derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique DC subset that specializes in the
production of type I interferons (IFNs). pDCs promote antiviral immune responses and have …

Although epidemic jaundice was well known to physicians of antiquity, it is only in recent
years that medical science has begun to unravel the origins of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and …

A central paradigm within virology is that each viral particle largely behaves as an
independent infectious unit. Here, we demonstrate that clusters of enteroviral particles are …

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are responsible
for most cases of viral hepatitis. Infection by each type of virus results in a different typical …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular
communication, being involved in a wide array of key biological processes. Eukaryotic cells …

Infectious hepatitis type A and type E are caused by phylogenetically distinct single-
stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that were once considered to be non-enveloped …

Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Over
150 million new infections of hepatitis A occur annually. HAV causes an acute inflammatory …

Viral egress and transmission have long been described to take place through single free
virus particles. However, viruses can also shed into the environment and transmit as …

Viruses have evolved many mechanisms by which to evade and subvert the immune system
to ensure survival and persistence. However, for each method undertaken by the immune …