Osteoporosis is a serious health problem worldwide that is associated with an increased risk
of fractures and mortality. Vascular calcification is a well-defined independent risk factor for …

Calcium supplementation, particularly with vitamin D, has been an approved public health
intervention to reduce fracture risk. Enthusiasm for this intervention has been mitigated by …

Background It has been suggested that a higher calcium intake might favourably modify
cardiovascular risk factors. However, findings of an ultimately decreased risk of …

Associations between serum calcium and vascular disease have been reported, but the
consistency of these findings is unknown. We conducted a systematic review to determine …

Low calcium intake is common worldwide and can result in nutritional rickets in children and
osteomalacia in adults. Calcium‐fortified foods could improve calcium intake. However …

Background Considerable controversy exists regarding the association between dietary
calcium intake and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes. Therefore …

Low dietary calcium is very common in many populations, contributing to nutritional
rickets/osteomalacia in children/adults and increasing the risk of several health problems …

BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been associated with increased
mortality in prospective cohort studies of the elderly, but the real relationship is still …

In men and women, there is a significant association between the risk of cardiovascular
event (myocardial infarction, stroke) and risk of major fragility fracture (hip, vertebra) …

A finding of high BMD on routine DXA scanning is not infrequent and most commonly
reflects degenerative disease. However, BMD increases may also arise secondary to a …