In 1959, Oliver Selfridge proposed a model of letter perception, the Pandemonium model, in
which the central hypothesis was that letters are identified via their component features …

Interactive activation and competition models (IAMs) cannot only account for behavioral data
from implicit memory tasks, but also for brain data. We start by a discussion of standards for …

Linking print with meaning tends to be divided into subprocesses, such as recognition of an
input's lexical entry and subsequent access of semantics. However, recent results suggest …

Factors that modulate the influence of contextual information on semantic processing in
language comprehension have been thoroughly investigated with the N400 component of …

Writing is an eclectic phenomenon whose many facets are studied by the young
interdisciplinary field of grapholinguistics. Linguistically, writing is a system of graphic marks …

Grapheme-color synesthesia is a neurological phenomenon in which letters and numbers
(graphemes) consistently evoke particular colors (eg A may be experienced as red). The …

Five experiments examined crowding effects with letter and symbol stimuli. Experiments 1
through 3 compared 2-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) identification accuracy for isolated …

Grapheme–color synesthesia is a neurological condition in which viewing numbers or letters
(graphemes) results in the concurrent sensation of color. While the anatomical substrates …

The ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) cortex serves as a core region for visual processing, and
specific areas of this region show preferential activation for various visual categories such as …

The use of written symbols is a major achievement of human cultural evolution. However,
how abstract letter representations might be learned from vision is still an unsolved …