Due to the rapid advancement of technology and its impact on English learning outside of
the classroom, Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) has grown in popularity among …

In light of findings from research on informal foreign/second language (L2) learning, with a
focus on English as a target language and using the concept of extramural English (EE), this …

Network analysis is a method used to explore the structural relationships between people or
organizations, and more recently between psychological constructs. Network analysis is a …

Abstract Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) is associated with willingness to
communicate in a second language (L2 WTC). Although affective mediators (eg enjoyment …

This article reports on the development and validation of the Informal Second Language
Engagement questionnaire (ISLE) for capturing various aspects of learner engagement with …

Engagement defines the depth and quality of the learning experience, and is thus
considered as an essential component of learning. Researchers agree on three defining …

Identifying compound–protein interaction plays a vital role in drug discovery. Artificial
intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, are …

Diary methods have long been used as pedagogic tools in learning, and as part of reflective
practice in teacher education, but less often as data collection instruments in educational …

This paper introduces the Lang‐Track‐App, a smartphone application and backend system
to aid second language acquisition researchers in implementing the experience sampling …

Understanding the ways in which study abroad and/or immersion experiences can shape
second language learning constitutes a vibrant domain of second language acquisition …