Oxygen-derived free radicals and related oxidants are ubiquitous and short-lived
intermediates formed in aerobic organisms throughout life. These reactive species …

Over the last decade, a dual character of cell response to oxidative stress, eustress versus
distress, has become increasingly recognized. A growing body of evidence indicates that …

The free radical nitric oxide (· NO) is a key mediator in different physiological processes such
as vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, and cellular immune responses, and thus …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis and folding of secretory proteins.
Perturbations of ER homeostasis affect protein folding and cause ER stress. ER can sense …

The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represents a
cellular stress induced by multiple stimuli and pathological conditions. These include …

This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resultant
cardiovascular events. There is now a consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of …

In the past five years, skeletal muscle has emerged as a paradigm of “nitric oxide”(NO)
function and redox-related signaling in biology. All major nitric oxide synthase (NOS) …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as an intracellular Ca2+ store not only sets up cytosolic
Ca2+ signals, but, among other functions, also assembles and folds newly synthesized …

Abstract Intracellular calcium (Ca 2+) is a critical coordinator of various aspects of cellular
physiology. It is increasingly apparent that changes in cellular Ca 2+ dynamics contribute to …

Citrulline (Cit, C 6 H 13 N 3 O 3), which is a ubiquitous amino acid in mammals, is strongly
related to arginine. Citrulline metabolism in mammals is divided into two fields: free citrulline …