This paper investigates whether and how the twin UN processes of the UN Group of
Governmental Experts (UN GGE) and the Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) are willing …

This article traces the evolution of interpretations of international law and international cyber
norms on responsible state behaviour in cyberspace by reassessing five major–and …

Cybersecurity is a complex and contested issue in international politics. By focusing on
the'great powers'--the US, the EU, Russia and China--studies in the field often fail to capture …

Authoritarian regimes increasingly resort to surveillance and malware attacks to extend their
coercive reach into the territory of other states and silence dissidents abroad. Recent …

The article examines the legal qualification of state-led information operations that aim to
undermine democratic decision-making processes in other states. After a survey of the legal …

As France is traditionally opposed to electronic voting, especially when used in general
elections or national referenda, electoral interference could take the form of false information …

For the European Union (EU) to mount an effective defense against the various threats it
faces in the information space, the various institutions that compose it must work better in …

This chapter shows the EU caught between complex global challenges and contested
taxonomies. The EU harbours multiple conflicting definitions of cybercrime between actors …

In the midst of these pleasing ideas we should be unfaithful to ourselves if we should ever
lose sight of the danger to our liberties if anything partial or extraneous should infect the …

Influence operations are increasingly seen as a threat to democratic societies because they
can corrupt the integrity of political deliberation. As individuals engage in debate on social …